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Photovoltaics in the United States are promoted by the DOE?s Solar America Initiative and new appearing makers and power plants.
Cell makers
New manufacturing facilities for solar cells and modules in Massachusetts, Michigan, Ohio, Oregon, and Texas promise to add enough capacity to produce thousands of megawatts of solar devices per year within the next few years from 2008 :
In late September 2008, Sanyo Electric Company, Ltd. announced its decision to build a manufacturing plant for solar ingots and wafers (the building blocks for silicon solar cells) in Salem, Oregon. The plant will begin operating in October 2009 and will reach its full production capacity of 70 megawatts (MW) of solar wafers per year by April 2010.
In early October 2008, First Solar, Inc. broke ground on an expansion of its Perrysburg, Ohio, facility that will add enough capacity to produce another 57 MW per year of solar modules at the facility, bringing its total capacity to roughly 192 MW per year. The company expects to complete construction early next year and reach full production by mid-2010.
And in mid-October 2008, SolarWorld AG opened a manufacturing plant in Hillsboro, Oregon, that is expected to produce 500 MW of solar cells per year when it reaches full production in 2011.
Thin film
Production is also surging ahead for manufacturers of flexible thin-film solar modules. Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. (ECD) manufacturer of thin-film modules deposited on flexible stainless steelas announced plans to build a facility in Battle Creek, Michigan, that will produce 120 MW of solar modules per year. ECD will start construction in fall 2008, with production starting by the end of 2009. ECD has the option of doubling its production capacity in Battle Creek and has plans to reach 1,000 MW of annual production by 2012. Konarka Technologies, Inc. deposits its solar modules onto a flexible plastic substrate, and the company has just reopened a former Polaroid Corporation facility in New Bedford, Massachusetts, that has been converted into a production facility for Konarka’s “Power Plastic” solar modules. Konarka expects the facility to reach its capacity to produce of 1,000 MW of solar modules per year by 2011. Both companies employ a roll-to-roll processing, similar to a newspaper printing press, for the manufacture of their solar modules. The manufacturing process offers the possibility of achieving high production capacities at a lower cost than most solar cell manufacturing plants.
HelioVolt Corporation opened a manufacturing facility in Austin, Texas, that will have an initial capacity to produce 20 MW of solar cells per year. Starting with solar “inks” developed at DOE’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory that are deposited with ink jets, HelioVolt employs a proprietary “printing” process to produce solar cells consisting of thin films of copper indium gallium selenide, or CIGS. The technology won an R&D 100 Award in 2008 and it earned an Editor’s Choice Award for Most Revolutionary Technology. HelioVolt’s “FASST” reactive transfer printing process is 10-100 times faster than other CIGS production processes and can also be combined with vacuum evaporation or ultrasonic spray deposition techniques. At its new Austin manufacturing plant, HelioVolt plans to produce both solar modules and next-generation building-integrated solar products using its FASST process.
Power plants
FPL
Florida Power & Light plans to install 25MW of solar panels at a site in DeSoto County, east of Sarasota. Construction will begin by the end of 2008 on what will be the world’s largest PV power facility (although larger projects are now planned for Europe).
FPL will also install a 10-MW PV project at the Kennedy Space Center.
Nellis Solar Power Plant
The Nellis Solar Power Plant was completed in December 2007. It is the largest solar photovoltaic system in North America and is located at Nellis Air Force Base in Clark County, Nevada. It includes approximately 70,000 solar panels and the peak power generation capacity of the plant is approximately 15megawatts.
Pacific Gas & Electric
On August 14, 2008, Pacific Gas & Electric Company announced agreements to buy the power from two proposed PV plants in San Luis Obispo County, California with a total peak power of 800MW. Both projects are contingent upon the extension of the federal investment tax credit for renewable energy.
Photovoltaic (PV) power plants
Name
Location
DC PeakPower (MW)
GW/year
Capacity factor
Notes
KCRD Solar Farm
California
80
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Article Source: ArticlesBase.com – Photovoltaics in the United States
Michigan’s solar energy potential
solar pv cost analysis
One of the problems with photovoltaic (pv) solar panels is their inefficiency relative to other forms of renewable energy. In a way this is not important because solar energy is free. But solar home energy systems do tend to need a lot of space to produce useful amounts of electric power.
Building a do it yourself solar power system is easy, and the material costs are not very much. Nevertheless, smaller systems would be very welcome, and many solar electric companies, such as Mitsubishi Electric, are rapidly developing residential solar energy systems that will produce pv solar panels with much greater efficiency and at much lower cost.
Halving costs every eight years is now the target, at the same time achieving efficiency improvements of 25% to 30%.
One illustration of how this is being done is to concentrate solar energy on to each pv cell with a sort of magnifying glass. This is known as the fresnel effect, which uses a series of optical lenses to direct large amounts of sunlight on to small areas of pv material. It has already been possible to achieve the same amount of electricity with one fortieth the size of a standard pv cell, and this will improve further.
By using new forms of polycrystalline cells it is now possible for pv solar panels to produce nearly 25% more electricity. Solar power for homes is getting better and cheaper, and it is not confined to sunbelt states either. The fact is that pv solar panels depend on available light conditions rather than direct sun. They do work best in hot countries, where daylight levels are good, but they do also work very well in colder climates, for example Canada and the UK.
Quite possibly this sort of thing will be coming to a solar home near you in the next year or so.
On the subject of financial assistance, or the lack of it, by many countries and states, there is now a noticeable determination to be seen in many governments to put the funding of diy home energy systems on a sound footing. The European Union has various directives in force that mandate very significant improvements in renewable energy systems by 2020, and many member states are finally co-operating to achieve these targets. As a result pv-sourced solar energy is expected to rise from the present 1% to perhaps as much as 12% of total energy usage by that time and, to enable this to happen, so-called feed-in tariffs have been introduced by many countries to encourage investment in commercial and residential alternative energy systems. Versions of this exist already in many US states.
The feed-in tariff replaces the old idea of partial grants or loans with a mandated price for energy units fed in to the national grid system. This makes financial returns much more attractive for investors, and will stimulate further improvements in achieving an efficient home solar power system.
We have always believed in solar power for homes, and we know that diy solar power is both easy to make and also very rewarding. Yes, developments in the pipeline mean that more efficient pv cells will become available for diy solar panels in due course, but you will be wasting more and more cash on those utility bills for every minute you delay making your own solar energy system.
Making your own home solar panel is a really good idea. If you would like some professional help and advice, along with some very good quality plans, we suggest you take a look at an excellent solar home energy kit which we highly recommend. It does what it says on the box, gives you great value for money, and also gives you peace of mind that you will be making the system properly. You will not regret taking our advice.
Author: Kieran Gracie
Our aim is to provide in one place practical details and information about all types of solar energy systems, including expert advice and guidance for making a number of projects such as solar panels, wind turbines, windmills, solar water heaters for houses and swimming pools, and other easy step-by-step guides for the amateur and professional alike.
Please go to our specialized website Practical-Solar to learn more. We hope you will find your visit interesting and stimulating.
How to Understand Microgeneration – Solar PV
