2009 March | Solar Panels For Homes

solar photovoltaic system sizing

Posted March 26, 2009 By admin and has no comments yet.

solar photovoltaic system sizing

The whole world is turning to alternate power source, and used solar panels are the one technology to provide the needed change that is necessary. Today as the day grows by; used solar panels are becoming very affordable. Home owners and business owners are beginning to see the enormous benefit this new wave of power will portend for them financially, health wise, environmental wellness and above all they can be used to create reusable energy with great global warming impact.

To beginners who are new to solar world, what is a solar panel? You may ask. In a nutshell, they are photovoltaic cells. They work by simple principles of science and physics. Electrons and neutrons are displaced and there by causes a flow of electricity. This electricity is converted from alternating current (a.c.) to direct current (d.c) which is stored in batteries cells so that they can be usable at homes and business places.

Used solar panels have great advantage. The current rave about this alternate source of power is understood seeing the great benefit that could be derived from it.

Listed below are some benefits;

Â• The energy generated can be used for heating up your swimming pool

Â• To power your workshop tools

Â• It can power the entire house and business

Â• The energies produced can be saved in batteries and used to power cars, appliances, solar cook and lightening effects

Â• Solar heating system which will help cut down on electric ills

Â• It can be used to run your machines for production in your business.

Â• It can be used to power your outdoor lighting and water pump

There are so many other great applications where these panels can be useful.

They last very long say 30-40yrs and cheap to maintain.

For very small usage, you can purchased your used solar panels in the areas nearby,

But if you are purchasing a home size or business size system of used solar panels it would be best to seek out a local retailer of used solar panels or a green energy retailer in your area. There is also plenty of information available online about different solar energy panel providers.

You can save yourself time and literally thousands of dollars by looking over a review of guides to used solar panels and by using our online resources (no need to sign up) to get started fast using solar and wind power.

You can reduce or eliminate completely your monthly electric bill using affordable, homemade solar power without any money. More and more people are achieving this each day with solar power. Learn how you too can do this. It’s a revolution with used solar panels. Free hot reviews and step by step tips also available.

Researcher Makes Solar Energy Breakthrough

HQRP 85 Watt Solar Panel 85W Power (Size of 80 Watt / 80W) 12V Monocrystalline PV Module plus HQRP UV Chain / UV Radiation Health Tester
$232.91
HQRP 85 Watt (85W) Solar Electric Power Panel. The solar cells are encapsulated beneath high transmission tempered glass. The rear surface of the module is completely sealed from moisture and mechanical damage. Construction of the module minimizes weight while providing a durable, protective environment for the solar cells. Considering the fact that solar panels are supplied with MC connector, You...

Photovoltaics: Design and Installation Manual
$30.00
Producing electricity from the sun using photovoltaic (PV) systems has become a major industry worldwide. But designing, installing and maintaining such systems requires knowledge and training, and there have been few easily accessible, comprehensive guides to the subject.Now, with Photovoltaics: Design and Installation Manual, a world-class solar energy training and education providerâSolar ...

A Practical Guide to Solar Photovoltaic Systems for Technicians: Sizing, Installation and Maintenance
$22.62
An ideal addition to the toolkit of anyone involved in the installation of solar powered photovoltaic systems, this practical guide provides step by step explanations of the process by which technicians can estimate the requirements of PV systems and guides the reader through the set-up and running of such systems. Produced in a durable paperback edition and heavily illustrated with photos and cha...

HYBRID COMBINATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC AND WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM: SIZING AND OPTIMIZATION OF HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEMS
$60.93
Urgent search for alternative energy sources needs because of the fact that the rapid depletion of fossil fuel resources. Solar and wind energies are environment friendly potential resources. But it is investigated that neither a standalone solar nor a wind energy system can provide a continuous supply of energy due to seasonal and periodical fluctuations. Therefore, in order to satisfy the...

6th International Conference on Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems (Mixed media product)
$192.11
This proceedings covers the technical aspects of concentrating photovoltaics (CPV). CPV technology uses a comparatively cost-effective optic to concentrate the sunlight onto a small-sized solar cell made of semiconductor materials. Using this technolog...

Categories: solarpower

Tags: energy, neural_networks, reference, solar, solarenergy

pv array calculator

Posted March 25, 2009 By admin and has no comments yet.

How it works seems like a mystery to some, but we’ve all seen it used to power everyday things like calculators. It is also used to supply electricity to the appliances and lights we use in our homes.

Even utility companies use solar power to supplying hundreds of houses with megawatts of electricity.

If you decide to power your house with a solar electric system, you will receive FREE power from the sun, once your system is paid for.

Here are two of the most frequently asked questions for solar power how it works.

How is solar energy used?

1.) Solar energy works by converting the sun’s rays into electricity with the use of solar panels to supply power to the appliances use in our homes.

2.) Solar energy works by converting the sun’s rays into heat with the use of solar thermal collectors for warming water, i.e. for the swimming pool.

3.) Solar energy works by converting the sun’s rays into hot air for heating buildings with the use of solar thermal collectors.

How do solar panels work?

1.) Rays of sunlight hit the solar panel (also know as a photovoltaic/ PV) and are absorbed by semi-conducting materials such as silicone.

2.) Electrons are knocked loose from their atoms, which allow them to flow through the material to produce electricity. This process whereby light (photo) is converted into electricity (voltage) is called the photovoltaic (PV) effect.

3.) An array of solar panels converts solar energy into DC (direct current) electricity.

4.) The DC electricity then enters an inverter.

5.) The inverter turns DC electricity into 120-volt AC (alternating current) electricity needed by home appliances.

6.) The AC power enters the utility panel in the house.

7.) The electricity (load) is then distributed to appliances or lights in the house.

8.) When more solar energy is generated that what you’re using – it can be stored in a battery as DC electricity. The battery will continue to supply your home with electricity in the event of a power blackout or at nighttime.

9.) When the battery is full the excess electricity can be exported back into the utility grid, if your system is connected to it.

10.) Utility supplied electricity can also be drawn form the grid when not enough solar energy is produced and no excess energy is stored in the battery, i.e. at night or on cloudy days.

11.) The flow of electricity in and out of the utility grid is measured by a utility meter, which spins backwards (when you are producing more energy that you need) and forward (when you require additional electricity from the utility company). The two are offset ensuring that you only pay for the additional energy you use from the utility company. Any surplus energy is sold back to the utility company. This system is referred to as “net-metering”.

For more information about Solar Energy visit Facts About Solar Energy today.

How Solar Panels Produce Electricity

Categories: solarpower

Tags: dc.subject=alttech, energy, solar, sustainability, tools

bond pv formula

Posted March 23, 2009 By admin and has no comments yet.

Excel supplies two functions specifically for calculating cumulative interest and principal

payments on a loan: CUMIPMT, which calculates the cumulative interest payments on a bond or note, and CUMPRINC, which calculates the cumulate principal payments on a bond or note.

Some Background Info on the Cumulative Interest and Principal Add-in Functions

Both functions use the same set of arguments, including the interest rate, the loan term (or

number of periods), the loan balance (or present value), the starting date and the ending

date of the period for which you want to calculate the cumulative interest or principal payments, and a type-of-annuity switch to indicate whether the stream of payments occurs as

an ordinary annuity or an annuity due.

The interest rate, loan term, loan balance, and type-of-annuity switch arguments work the

same way for the CUMIPMT and CUMPRINC functions as they work for the standard financial functions.

NOTE If you have questions about how the interest rate, loan term, loan balance, or type-ofannuity

switch arguments work, refer to the earlier section “Using the Payment Functions.”

The starting date and ending date arguments, as noted earlier, simply provide the starting

and ending points for the period of time for which you want to calculate the cumulative

interest or principal paid.

Common Errors Made When Using the Cumulative Interest and Principal Functions

Both the CUMIPMT and CUMPRINC functions return an error value in several predictable situations as well as one surprising situation:

1. If the interest rate or the loan term rate is less than or equal to zero.

2. If the starting date or ending date is nonsensical or if the starting date follows the ending

date.

3. If the loan present value is less than or equal to zero. (Note that this means you don’t use

the convention of specifying the loan present value as a negative number to show that

it’s a cash outflow.)

Using the CUMIPMT Function

The CUMIPMT function calculates the cumulative interest paid on a loan between two dates you specify given the interest rate, loan term, loan present value, the starting date and ending date, and the type-of-annuity switch. It uses the following syntax:

CUMIPMT (rate, nper, pv, start period, end period, type)

Suppose, for example, that you want to calculate the cumulative interest paid on a $1,000,000,

ten-year equipment loan that charges 9% interest and requires monthly payments arranged as an annuity due. Further suppose that you want to calculate the cumulative interest payments

made over the first five years, or sixty months. To make this calculation, you use the following formula:

=CUMIPMT (.09/12,10*12,1000000,1,60,1)

The function returns the value –360094.

Using the CUMPRINC Function

The CUMPRINC function calculates the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two dates you specify given the interest rate, loan term, loan present value, the starting date and ending date, and the type-of-annuity switch. It uses the following syntax:

CUMPRINC (rate, nper, pv, start period, end period, type)

Suppose, for example, that you want to calculate the cumulative principal paid on a $1,000,000, ten-year equipment loan that charges 9% interest and requires monthly payments arranged as an annuity due. Further suppose that you want to calculate the cumulative principal payments made over the first five years, or sixty months. To make this calculation, you use the following formula:

=CUMPRINC (.09/12,10*12,1000000,1,60,1)

The function returns the value –394303.

About the Author:

Stephen L. Nelson is a Seattle accountant and the author of many bestselling financial and computer books including the MBA’s Guide to Microsoft Excel from which this article is adapted. Nelson also edits the popular Forming an s corporation , the Incorporating a business and the forming an LLC web sites.

Article Source: ArticlesBase.com – Using the Cumulative Interest and Principal Add-in Functions

Lec 17 | MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2005