solar cell iv
What determines voltage output in a solar cell?
When a photon knocks an electron out of the n-semiconducter, it will flow towards a hole in the p-semiconducter. This creates current in the system. However what sets the voltage of that current? V=IR would indicate resistance is the only variable… however I is constant depending on how many electrons are knocked free… and if there is infinite resistance then V is infinite as well and we just created an infinite power source (P=IV) (just kidding of course). So what actually is determining the voltage?
The rate at which the electrons are driven out of the n-semiconductor (and by this I mean the literal number of electrons that pass by any given fixed point on the circuit) is the measure of current. Resistance is independent and is also fixed. This gives us V=IR, I is the independent variable, V is dependent, R is of course a constant.
So we have V is directly proportional to I, so increase I you increase V. To increase I you can increase the area of the cell, or change the internal properties of the materials in the cell (ie. the n-semiconductor material used). Now since you are probably wanting a practical way to actually do this, I’d say try to increase the area of the cell.
Also, there is probably some upper limit for the material used that dictated a maximum current that can pass given a fixed area, so if you used a hypothetical wire with no resistance, you would still encounter a maximum voltage produced.
Hope this helps.
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